![]() ![]() Operated via a lever from inside a vehicle, her version of windscreen wipers closely resembles the windscreen wiper found on many early car models. In Anderson's patent, she called her invention a "window cleaning device" for electric cars and other vehicles. In April 1911, a patent for windscreen wipers was registered by Sloan & Lloyd Barnes, patent agents of Liverpool, England, for Gladstone Adams of Whitley Bay.Īmerican inventor Mary Anderson is popularly credited with devising the first operational windscreen wiper in 1903. Other early designs for the windscreen wiper are credited to Polish concert pianist Józef Hofmann, and to Mills Munitions, Birmingham, who also claimed to have been the first to patent windscreen wipers in England.Īt least three inventors patented windscreen cleaning devices at around the same time in 1903 Mary Anderson, Robert Douglass, and John Apjohn. His invention was for "windows of slow-moving craft but it is more particularly adapted and intended for windows of rapidly-moving vehicles, such as high-speed locomotives and cars, with which it is necessary that the observer or driver should have a clear view of the path or track." Similar to current automotive wiper designs, his invention involves "usually two of these wipers, and they can be secured to the frame below the front board of the vehicle or behind the housing surrounding the window in position to be out of sight and in such manner that one will scrape off the heaviest part of the substance collected upon the glass." His patent illustration shows a circular window, although the patent notes "it is not essential that the glass be circular in form." Capewell of Hartford Connecticut, which was filed on August 6, 1896. One of the earliest recorded patents for the windscreen wiper is by George J. History Early versions Patent illustration of 'window cleaner' by GEORGE J. Less frequently, miniature wipers are installed on headlights to ensure they function optimally. For these types of winter conditions, some vehicles have additional heaters aimed at the windows, embedded heating wire(s) in the glass, or embedded heating wire(s) in the wiper blade these defroster systems can melt ice or help to keep snow and ice from building up on the windscreen. When antifreeze washer fluid is used, it can help the wipers remove snow or ice. This system helps remove dirt or dust from the windscreen when used in concert with the wiper blades. This system sprays water, or an antifreeze window washer fluid, at the windscreen using several well-positioned nozzles. On some vehicles, a windscreen washer system is also used to improve and expand the function of the wiper(s) to dry or icy conditions. Most personal automobiles use two synchronized radial-type arms, while many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms. ![]() ![]() ![]() The speed is usually adjustable on vehicles made after 1969, with several continuous rates and often one or more intermittent settings. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water, other precipitation, or any other impediments to visibility from its surface. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric motor, although pneumatic power is also used for some vehicles. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, buses, train locomotives, and watercraft with a cabin-and some aircraft-are equipped with one or more such wipers, which are usually a legal requirement.Ī wiper generally consists of a metal arm one end pivots, and the other end has a long rubber blade attached to it. A common windscreen wiper arm and blade A train windscreen wiper in operation (MRT Jakarta)Ī windscreen wiper ( Commonwealth English) or windshield wiper ( American English) is a device used to remove rain, snow, ice, washer fluid, water, or debris from a vehicle's front window. In this common design, the force from the arm is distributed evenly with a series of linkages known as a whippletree. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Further details may exist on the talk page. Please expand the article to include this information. This article is missing information about specific designs of wiper blades. ![]()
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